Biomedical waste management and their effects on the Environment: A review
Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
Review
World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2024, 11(01), 086–095.
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjaets.2024.11.1.0020
Publication history:
Received on 06 December 2023; revised on 21 January 2024; accepted on 24 January 2024
Abstract:
Biomedical waste has the potential to be hazardous and cause environmental pollution, therefore its proper management and disposal, especially in hospitals and healthcare facilities, plays an important role in protecting both the environment and public health. Biomedical waste encompasses a diverse array of materials originating from patient care, research activities, and medical interventions, and inadequate handling poses significant hazards. Common disposal methods, such as incineration, have been associated with environmental contamination and the emission of harmful fumes. Biomedical waste poses health risks through the spread of infectious diseases, particularly via sharps injuries, and the release of toxic compounds into the environment. The hazardous category includes infectious, potentially hazardous, and radioactive waste, with around 10% of hospital waste deemed infectious according to the World Health Organization. Various disposal techniques, including burning, autoclaving, microwaving, shredding, landfilling, and chemical treatments, are employed globally, each with its own benefits and limitations. In this review, a classification of the various categories of biomedical waste and its effects, treatment and disposal methods are discussed. In summary, the substantial impact of biomedical waste on the environment and public health necessitates careful handling and adherence to regulations. The implementation of sustainable waste management practices, promotion of recycling, and adoption of innovative technologies are essential for mitigating the adverse effects of biomedical waste on the environment and local communities.
Keywords:
Biomedical waste sources; Environmental pollution; Public health hazards; Waste disposal
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Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0